Drop-hammer



Patehted Nov. 22, I898.

F. C. BILLINGS.

DROP HAMMER.

:Application filed Feb. 25. 1898.)

3 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

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Patented Nov. 22, I898. F. C. BILLINGS.

D R 0 P H A M M E R.

(Application filed Feb. 25, 1898.)

(No Model.)

Witn asses No. 6l4,692. Patentd Nov. 22, 1898. F c, BILLINGS. DROPHAMMER.

(Application filed Feb. 25, 1898.)

(No Model.) v 3 Shaetsh-Sheet 3.

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UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERIC C. BILLINGS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

DROP-HAMMER.

sPn'ciFr'cATioN forming 'part of Letters Patent No. 614,692, datedNovember 22, 1898.

Application filed February 25, 1898. Serial No. 671,659. (No'modeL) Toall whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERIO O. BILLINGS, a citizen of theUnited States,residing in Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inDrop-Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to drop-hammers; and it has for its main objectthe provision of improved devices for controlling the movements of theusual shifting-rod or actuator by means of which the operation of thehammer-lifting rolls is governed. In connection with this actuator orroll-shifting rod a stop is usually employed for engaging the actuatorat a predetermined point in its descent and holding it until it isdesired to permit the actuator to descend to the limit of its stroke tostart the rolls in their hammer-lifting movement, this stop beingreleased automatically by the descent of the hammer, and it has alsobeen the custom to employ in connection with such rod or actuator areleasing device or lever, operative by hand or by treadle, for limitingin a similar manner the extreme descent of such rod when'it is desiredto operate the hammer intermittently, such releasing device serving alsowhen shifted to release the rod and permit the lifting mechanism tooperate upon the hammer-lifting means. I

One of the main objects of this invention is the provision of releasingand stop devices cooperative in such a manner that the movements of thestop are controlled by the shifting of a hand-operated ortreadle-operated releasing device from its operative to its inoperativeposition, and vice versa. Hence both the automatically-operativereleasing device carried by the hammer or governed thereby and the otherreleasing devices will coact with such stop, and therefore with eachother, to control the operation of the hammer to actuate the lattercontinuously or intermittently, as may be desired.

Other features of this invention relating to the construction of thestop the releasing devices, and the treadle mechanism will be described.more fully hereinafter.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification,Figure 1 is a front elevation, with parts broken away, of a drophammerconstructed in accordance with my present improvements. Fig. 2 is a sideelevaand coacting parts.

tion of the same, looking from the left in Fig.

1. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are enlarged detail front elevations illustratingdifierent positions of the stop, the hand-operated releasing device,

Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are enlarged horizontal sections of the parts shown inFigs. 3, 4, and 5, the sections being taken in lines 6 6, 7 7, and 8 8,respectively. Figs. 9 and 10 are enlarged detail end elevations, withparts broken away, showing the releasing and stop devices in thepositions illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. Fig. 11 is ahorizontal section of the base of the machine, illustrating the treadlemechanism. Fig. 12 is a sectional detail of the releasinglever and thestud by which it is carried. Figs. 13 and 14 are details of portions ofthe releasing device. Fig. 15 is a vertical section of the stop-slidefor the actuator and the guide for said slide. Figs. 16 and 17 arevertical sections of said slide and guide in positions corresponding tothose shown in Figs. 4 and 5, respectively.

Similar characters designate like parts in all thefigures of thedrawings.

The framework of my improved drop-hammer may be of any suitableconstruction for carrying the operative parts, and in the form thereofherein shown embodies the usual base portion 2, a pair of uprights orside frames 3 and 3, separately bolted to the base, at opposite sidesthereof, and having guides, such as 4 and 4, for the hammer, and a topframe or head 5, secured to the upper ends of the uprights or sideframes 3 and 3, this head being of any construction suitable for carry-.

ing the hammer-lifting rolls and cooperative parts.

In the present case two hammer-lifting rolls are carried by the head 5and are designated in a general way by R and R, the latter beingshiftable toward and from the other in the usual manner for engaging theliftingboard or other member by which the hammer is raised.

The roll R is secured to a shaft, such as 6, journaled in the head 5,while the movable roll B may be fixed to a shaft 6, carried at itsopposite ends in a divided or two-part eccentric, this eccentric beingindicated in a general way by e and being also journaled in bearings inthe head 5.

Each of the shafts 6 and 6 will usually have a suitable driving-pulley,such as 8 or S, by

means of which pulleys the shafts and rolls may be rotatedsimultaneously in opposite directions from any suitable source of power.(Not shown.)

The two parts of the eccentric or eccentricsleeve 6 in which the shaft 6is turned have at their inner ends outwardlyprojecting rocker-arms, suchas 9 and 9, which arms may be connected bya tie rod or bolt 10, theinner ends of the two parts of the eccentric preferably abutting againstopposite ends of the hub of the roll R.

The hammer will be of the usual construction and may be of substantiallythe type shown at H, it being supported for vertical movement betweenthe guides 41: and 4: of the side frames and having the usualliftingboard L, connected with the upper-end thereof, whichlifting-board extends between and is adapted to be engaged by the rollsR and R.

For the purpose of actuating the eccentric e, in which the shaft of theroll R is journaled, so as to shift the roll toward and from the roll Rto engage and release the liftingboard, I make use of an eccentricactuator or rod, such as S, which rod constitutes a shifting devicecontrolling the lifting mechanism and is pivotally connected at itsupper end with the rock-arms 9 and 9', said rod having a T-head in theform of a bored sleeve 12, through which is passed the bolt 10,hereinbefore referred to, for connecting the two parts of the eccentric.This rod is located at one side of the path of movement of the hammer,and nearits lowerend may be passed through a guide-bracket, such as 14,removably secured to the side frame 3, as shown most clearly in Figs. 9and 10. At some suitable point in its length, and preferably at itslower end, this actuator is intended to coact with a device or stopadapted for holding the rod normally in an elevated position, and thuspreventing the lifting of the hammer. This holding device or stop ispreferably in the form of a slide, such as shown herein at D, thisstop-slide being reciprocatory under the lower end of the actuator andinto and out of the path of movement of the latter. Normally a spring,such as 15, will press the slide D out into the path of the actuator,and when in this position said slide will prevent the descent of thelatter to a point where it would become efiective to cause the movableroll R to engage the lifting-board. In the preferred construction thisreciprocatory stop or stop-slide is mounted in the bracket or guide 14:and is shiftable into and out of the path of movement of an auxiliaryrod or member, such as 8, carried for movement in unison with the mainrod S, this short rod 8 being preferably clamped in a slidable bracket,such as 16, clamped to the main rod S. It should be understood, however,that the construction of these parts may be modified without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.

The stop-slide D may be limited in its move ments in one direction by astop-pin, such as 17, passed through the guide or bracket 14 andconnected to the spring 15, and in the other direction by a pair ofstop-pins, such as 18, passed through the stop-slide and adapted to beengaged by the edge of the bracket. At its inner end the stop-slide Dpreferably has a beveled face and projects into the path of movement ofthe hammer H, by which it is intended to be shifted automatically topermit the actuator to pass by the same and descend to the limit of itsmovement. Usually the slide D will have an opening therein, such as thatshown at 20, through which some part of the actuator will passsuch, forexample, as the auxiliary rod 5. The opening 20 is intended to registerat such times with one or more openings in the guide-bracket 14, and inthis case the guide has two openings 21 and 21, with which the opening20 in the slide is intended to register. When these openings do notregister, of course the slide will act as a stop for preventing thedescent of the actuator to its lowermost position; but when said slideis shifted outward, so that the openings register properly, the rod 5will pass through the same and the actuator will doscend to the limit ofits movement and cause the roll R to engage the lifting-board of thehammer. The shifting of the slide D to this position may be effectedsubstantiallyin the usual manner by the hammer itself, this hav ingthereon a cam-face, such as 22, which forces back the slide just beforethe hammer reaches its lowermost position.

It will be obvious that when the slide D is shifted in the manner justdescribed and the actuator is permitted to descend the roll R will gripthe lifting-board L and the two rolls R and R will lift the hammer witha rela tively rapid movement. For the purpose of reducing this movementat a predetermined point in the ascent of the hammerIprefer to make useof a speed-reducing device substantially of the type shown in the patentgranted myself and Frank Lombard August 27, 1895, No. 545,188. Thisspeed-reducing device, which is designated in a general way by 1,consists of a lever, such as 24, adjustably secured by any suitableclamping device to the rod S, at some point between the ends of thelatter, this lever having its inner arm considerably longer than itsouter arm and coacting at its inner end with a stop 23 on the hammer, bywhich stop the lever will be lifted at the proper time. At its outer endthe short arm of the lever may be forked to straddle a sleeve or collar26 on any one of a series of fulcrum-pins 27, spaced at regularintervals on the side frame 3. The position of the lever on the rod Sand the engagement of the elongated arm of the lever with any one of thepins 27 will of course determine the point at which the inner end oflever 24 Will be engaged by the stop-pin 23, and it will be obvi- IIObus that the rod S will be lifted at a much slower rate than the extremeinner end of the lever 24. v

For the purpose of automatically engaging and holding the hammer whendesired when the same is at the end of its upward stroke I have provideda detent or trip lever, such asT, removably pivoted to the side frame 3,and the hammer may have a cam-faced stop, such as 31, cooperative withsaid detent and in position to be engaged by the latter at the properpoint in the ascent of the hammer. This trip-lever may be connected by arod,

such as 32, to a treadle 33, pivoted to the base of the machine in amanner which will be hereinafter described, the upper end of saidconnecting-rod being connected to a spring 35, secured to an arm orhook, such as 36, projecting from the side frame 3. This side frame mayhave a series of equidistant pivotholes 37, any one of which may receivethe pin or pivot 38 of the trip-lever T to enable the latter to engagethe hammer at different points in the upward stroke of said hammer.

The connecting-rod 32 should also have a series of pivot-holes'toreceive a pin at the outer end of the trip-lever.

As before stated, one of the main objects of this invention is theemployment of a holding device, which in this case is the stop-slide D,cooperative not only with the automatic releasing device carried by thehammer, but also with the manually or treadle operated releasing devicenear the base of the machine. This second releasing device will usuallybe in the form of a releasing-lever, such as that indicated herein by D,and said lever is supported substantially in the usual manner on somesuitable part of the framework, such as a squared stud 40, projectingfrom the lower end of the side frame 3 and having a stop, such as 40, atits outer end. In this case, however, the releasing-lever D is notsupported directly on this stud, but on a sleeve carried by such studand having a squared opening to prevent turning. This sleeve isindicated herein in detail in Fig. 14 and is designated by 41, it beingadapted to slide longitudinally of the stud40 and being attached in somesuitable manner to the lever D, so as to carry the latter with it in itsreciprocation.

1n the construction shown the releasing-lever has a small handle 43,threaded into a boss on the sleeve 44 of the lever and projecting into atransverse slot 45 in the sleeve 41, so as to assure the movement of thesleeve 41 and the reversing-lever in unison longitudinally of the stud49. It will be obvious, of course, that this construction permits theoscillation of the releasing-lever relatively to the sleeve 41 from itsstop position to the releasing position, and vice versa.

For the purpose of locating the sleeve 41 and hence the releasing-leverin the proper positions longitudinally of the stud 40 the latter mayhave therein shallow grooves 40",

with which may cooperate a spring-pressed detent, such as 46, carried bya member forming part of the sleeve 41. This member is in the form of atransverse plate carrying at one of its ends a member which cooperateswith the slide Dto shift the same into position to release the actuatorand having at its other end a pin, such as 48, cooperative with ananglelever 49, connected in the usual manner with a second treadle 50,located above the treadle 33, hereinbefore mentioned. By means of theseconnections and a spring 51 between the angle-lever 49 and the frame theparts will be maintained in the positions shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

The member which is carried by the sleeve 41 for operating the slide Dmay be a cam, such as that indicated by 47, and having a cam-faceoblique to the axis of the stud 40. (See Figs. 6 and 7.) One face of thecam is parallel with the axis of said stud and lies against the outerwall of the guide-bracket 14, as shown clearly in these views. Hence thecam is in the form of a wedge, the oblique face of which coacts in thiscase with one of the two stop-pins 18, hereinbefore mentioned. It willbe seen that when the two parts are in the positions shown in Fig. 6 thestop-slide is drawn back by the cam 47; but when the releasinglever andits connected parts are shifted to the extreme outer end of the stud 40the cam being withdrawn from the stoppin 18 permits the spring 15 toshift the stopslide into the pathof the hammer and into position toprevent the descent of the actuator S.

The normal position of the releasing-lever D is that shown in Figs. 1,3, and 6, the weight of the handle serving to hold the inner end of thelever against the lower end of the actuating-rod S. 'When said roddescends, however, unless the lever is positively held the latter willbe shifted by the rod, and hence the parts will operate automatically.This will be obvious by referring to the connections between thereleasing-lever and the treadle 33, from which it will be seen that therod'tSO, connected with the handle of the lever, passes through one endof a turnbuckle and has a slip-joint therewith, being free to slidetherein, while the other end of the turnbuckle 61 is connected by a rod62 in the usual manner to the treadle By reason of these connections thereleasing-lever may be oscillated and the hammer operated automatically,except when said releasing-lever is positively held in the positionshown in Figs. 1 and 3, either by hand or by depressing the treadle 33.

The treadle mechanism which I have illustrated herein is of novelconstruction and embodies as its essential features two treadles, suchas those indicated by 33 and 50. The former of these treadles isconnected directly to the releasing trip-lever T and to thereleasing-lever D for oscillating the latter, while the treadle 50 isconnected only to the anglelever 49 of the releasing device D forshifting the latter longitudinally of the stud 40.

The two treadles are supported for oscillation about a common axis or.pivot and are superposed so that when theiupper treadle 50 is depressedthe lower one 33 will be carried down with it, and, moreover, it isintended that when the lower treadle rises it shall carry the upper onewith it. For this purpose a weighted frame, such as 65, is provided,having at its rear end the usual weighted crossbar in advance of thepivot of the treadleframes, the frame 65 having at its forward ends theusual forked arms engaging the sides of the treadle 33 and tending normally to raise the forward ends of both treadles.

In order that the two treadles may be operated either simultaneously orelse the lower treadle operated independently of the upper one, thetreadle-frames have at their forward sides the usual treadle-bars, soshaped as to form two pedals, one of which, 50', is close to the baseand will cause the depression of both treadles, while the other, 33, issomewhat farther from the base and may be operated independently of theupper one.

The operation of my improved machine is substantially similar to that ofthe machine shown and described in the prior patent to myself and FrankLombard, to which I have hereinbefore referred.

When the parts are in their normal positions, (shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3,and 6,) the hammer may be operated automatically and continuously,thereleasing-leverD being carried down by the rod S at each descent of thelatter and returning to the position shown in Fig. 3 by reason of itsown weight, when the rod S rises again. Each descent of saidactuating-rod causes the friction-rolls to grip the lifting-board andraise the hammer, and at a predetermined point in the ascent of thelatter the speed-reducing device P is shifted to cause the hammer tofinish its ascent at a relatively slow rate of speed.

When the hammer rises to the limit of its upward movement, thedetent-pawl T comes into action to hold the hammer, and this triplevermaybe released by the depression of the treadle 33, which will hold thereleasing-lever D in its stop position and prevent lifting of the hammeragain after the descent thereof, this being the operation of the machinefor obtaining separate single strokes of the hammer, while when bothtreadles are depressed by placing the foot upon the upper pedal 50 themachine will run continuously and automatically.

WVhen the releasing-lever D is shifted to its inoperative position,(shown in Figs. at and 7), the hammer in its descent will shift the stopslide D into position to permit the actuator S to descend also andenable the parts to operate continuously in substantially the mannerhereinbefore described.

Having described my invention, I claim 1. In a drop-hammer, thecombination,with a frame, of lifting mechanism an actuator for shiftingthe lifting mechanism; a stop for limiting the movement of saidactuator; and a combined stop-releasing device and controller for theactuator simultaneously shiftable from an operative to an inoperativeposition with respect to the stop and with relation to the actuator.

2. In a drop-hammer,the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftin grolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for said movable roll; a stop for limitingthe descent of said actuator; a stop-releasing lever shiftable from anoperative to an inoperative position with relation to said actuator; andstop-releasing means simultaneously movable with said lever.

3. In a drop-hammer, the combination,with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for said movable roll; a stop for limitingthe descent of said actuator; automatic means for releasing said stop;and a combined stop-releasing device and controller for the actuatoroperative independently of said automatic means and simultaneouslyshiftable from an operative to an inoperative position with respect tothe stop and with relation to said actuator.

41:. In a drop-hammer, the co1nbination,with a frame, of ham mer-liftingrolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for said movable roll; a device shiftablefrom an operative to an in operative position beneath said actuator; 21.slidable stop for limiting the descent of said actuator; and releasingmeans actuated by the shiftable device and coacting with the stop toshift the same to an inoperative position.

5. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for the movable roll;

a device shiftable beneath said actuator; a

stop for limiting the descent of said actuator and normally reactiveinto the path of the latter; and a stop-releasing device movable withsaid shiftable device and coacting with the stop to shift the same to aninoperative position.

6. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; a verticallymovable actuator for said movable roll; an oscillatory andaxially-movable device located beneath said actuator; a slidable stopfor limiting the descent of said actuator, and normally spring-pressedinto the path of the latter; and stop-releasing means carried by theoscillatory and axially-movable device.

7. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for the movable roll; a stop for limitingthe descent of the actuator; a manually-actuated stop-releasing deviceIIO and controller for the actuator; said releasing device consisting ofa cam adapted to shift the stop out of its stop position, substantiallyas and for the purpose specified.

8. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; an actuatorfor said movable roll; a reciprocatory stop for limiting the descent ofsaid actuator; and a manually-actuated stop-releasing device shiftabletransversely to the stop'and having a cam-face coacting with said stopand adapted to shift the latter into an inoperative position.

9. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls, one of which is shiftable toward and from the other; an actuatormovable with reference to said shiftable roll; a guide on the frame; astop-slide reciprocatory in said guide and serving to limit the descentof said actuator; a device shiftable from an operative to an inoperativeposition with relation to said actuator; and releasing means operativeby said shiftable device and coacting with the stop-slide to move thelatter out of its stop position.

10. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of liftingmechanism; a hammer; a device for shifting said lifting mechanism; astop; and an axially-movable oscillatory lever normally reactive to oneend of the range of its axial movement and provided with means forreleasing the stop.

11. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for said movable roll; a stop for limitingthe descent of said actuator; and a movable releasing device normallyreactive to one end of each of its ranges of movement and coacting withthe stop to shift the latter out of its stop position.

12. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for said movable roll; a device shiftableback and forth beneath said actuator; a stop-slide movable into and outof the path of the actuator; a vertically-movable hammer having anautomatic releasing device coacting with the stopslide; and meansactuated by the shiftable device for releasing the stop.

13. In a drop hammer, the combination, With a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for said movable roll; a stud on the frameand disposed transversely to the actuator; an axially-movableoscillatory releasing device carried by the stud and coacting with theactuator; and a spring-pressed detent between the releasing device andthe stud, for holding said device in any determined axial position onthe stud.

14. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls one of which is movable toward and from the other; avertically-movable actuator for said movable roll; a stud on the frameand disposed transversely to the actuator; an axially-movableoscillatory releasing device carried by the stud and coacting with theactuator and normally reactive to one end of its range of axialmovement; and a spring-pressed detent between the releasing device andthe stud, for holding said device in any determined axial position onthe stud.

15. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of liftingmechanism; a hammer; a shifting device for controlling said liftingmechanism; an axially-movable oscillatory releasing device for theshifting device; a holding device for the hammer; a releasing device forsaid holding device; and a pair of treadles connected with bothreleasing devices and one operative for oscillating the first-mentionedreleasing device and the other operative for shifting said releasingdevice axially and also for operating the other treadle.

16. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with lifting mechanism and adevice for shifting the same, of an angular stud projecting from theframe; a sleeve carrying a releasingcam fitted on said stud for movementlongitudinally thereof; a lever mounted for oscillation on said sleeve;and a stop for limiting the movement of the device for shifting thelifting mechanism and actuated by said sleeve in its longitudinalmovement.

17. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with lifting mechanism and adevice for shift ing the same, of an angular stud projecting from theframe; a stop; a sleeve carrying a cam fitted on said stud for movementlongitudinally thereof; a lever mounted for oscil lation on said sleeve;and means for actuating said lever.

18. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with lifting mechanism and adevice for shifting the same, of an angular stud projecting from theframe; a stop; a sleeve carrying a cam fitted on said stud for movementlongitudinally thereof; a lever mounted for oscillation on said sleeve;a treadle; and means connecting the same with said lever.

19. In a drop-hammer, the combination, with a frame, of hammer-liftingrolls, one of which is movable toward and from the other; a rod andmeans connected therewith for shift-- ing the movable roll; a stop-slidemovable in the frame and adapted to limit the descent of said rod; astud projecting from the frame; a sleeve carrying a cam fitted for axialmovement on said stud; a lever journaled on said sleeve; an angle-leverconnected with the sleeve and said lever; a treadle and connectionsbetween said treadle and said angle lever.

FREDERIO O. BILLINGS. Witnesses:

CHARLES E. BILLINGS, HENRY BISSELL.

Ico

